Dose coefficients for members of the public

A dose coefficient is the committed dose per becquerel taken into the body: the equivalent dose to an organ or tissue, or the effective dose, received over the 50 years after an adult’s intake, or up to age 70 after a child’s. This page calculates them the way the ICRP does, from the ICRP’s biokinetic models (where the radionuclide goes in the body and how long it stays) and dosimetric models (how much of the energy emitted in one place is absorbed in another), for intakes by ingestion and inhalation (and, in the ICRP 103 system, direct uptake to blood) at the six reference ages of the ICRP’s publications for members of the public: 3 months, 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, and adults. Choose the system, the radionuclide, the route and the chemical form on the left. The route External gives instead the dose rate of a person in contaminated air, water or soil, as the US Federal Guidance Reports 12 and 15 calculate it (see External exposure below). The button at the right end of the tabs gives the page the whole window, without the site’s header and footer; the kvot mark at the left of the tabs then goes to the home page, and the switch beside the button changes between light and dark. The page remembers the choice.

The two systems

The ICRP 60 system is the one of the ICRP’s 1990 Recommendations: the age-dependent models of Publications 56, 67, 69 and 71, whose dose coefficients Publication 72 tabulated and Publication 119 compiled. It is still the basis of many national regulations and of the IAEA Basic Safety Standards’ tables. The ICRP 103 system is the one of the 2007 Recommendations: new tissue weighting factors, voxel phantoms of reference persons of both sexes, the revised respiratory tract model of Publication 130, the alimentary tract model of Publication 100 and revised systemic models. For members of the public its coefficients are being published element by element: Part 1 (Publication 158, 2024) covers hydrogen to radium, Part 2 (the lanthanides and actinides) and Part 3 (35 more elements, beryllium to francium) were out for consultation as drafts when this page was made. The two systems give different numbers for the same intake, sometimes by a factor of several; the page tells you which one each result comes from.

The ICRP 60 system as calculated here

The ICRP calculated the Publication 72 coefficients with the software DCAL (Eckerman and Leggett, ORNL/TM-2001/190), which ORNL distributes with its data. This page reads DCAL’s own model and data files and reproduces its method:

• Respiratory tract: the ICRP 66 model, Types F, M and S and the gas and vapour classes, with DCAL’s age-dependent deposition fractions for members of the public (1 µm AMAD by default).
• Gastrointestinal tract: the ICRP 30 model (stomach, small intestine, upper and lower large intestine), absorption f₁ from the small intestine with its age-dependent values.
• Urinary bladder: emptied at 40, 32 and 12 d⁻¹ at 3 months, 1 year and from 5 years (Publication 67).
• Systemic models: the ones of Publications 56–71 as DCAL’s FGR-13 library holds them, with the transfer rates interpolated linearly in age, and the adult at 25 years for bone-seeking elements. Progeny follow the kinetics DCAL’s batch files give them: shared with the parent, or independent with the element-specific models for lead, radium, thorium and uranium chains, iodine from tellurium and noble gases.
• Dosimetry: specific effective energies from the Cristy–Eckerman phantoms (newborn, 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, adult), the ICRP 30 bone and walled-organ absorbed fractions, and the ICRP 66 absorbed fractions of the airways, interpolated in age between the phantoms with the weights DCAL gives them.
• Effective dose: the tissue weighting factors of Publication 60 with the remainder of Publication 72 (mass-weighted, with the splitting rule).

The ICRP 103 system as calculated here

• Respiratory tract: the revised Human Respiratory Tract Model of Publication 130 (particle transport of its Fig. 2.4, dissolution and the bound state), with the deposition of Publication 158 Table A.1 for environmental exposure (1 µm AMAD by default), the absorption types and material-specific parameters of each element, and the parent’s absorption parameters for progeny formed in the lungs.
• Alimentary tract: the Human Alimentary Tract Model of Publication 100 with the age-specific transit rates of Publication 158 Table 2.10, absorption f_A from the small intestine; material cleared from the lungs is absorbed with f_r·f_A, and activity secreted from tissues with the highest reference f_A. An injection puts the activity into the systemic model’s blood at once.
• Systemic models: transcribed from each element’s section of Publication 158 and of the Part 2 and Part 3 drafts, with their age-specific transfer coefficients. The adult’s values apply from 20 years, from 25 years for the alkaline earths, lead and the actinides (Publication 158 para 13) and, as the ICRP’s own coefficients show, for yttrium, zirconium, niobium, hafnium, tantalum and francium. Mercury vapour absorbed from the lungs enters blood by the way it got there: dissolved as vapour to Plasma 0, the rest as Hg²⁺ to Plasma 1 (Part 3 draft paras 367–368).
• Dosimetry: the specific absorbed fractions of Publications 133 and 155 for the twelve reference individuals (newborn, 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, adult; male and female), with the radiations of Publication 107 (or of the decay data chosen), interpolated in energy and in age as Publication 158 prescribes (PCHIP; a weighted linear interpolation in the first year).
• Effective dose: the tissue weighting factors of Publication 103 applied to the average of the male and female equivalent doses, the remainder the arithmetic mean of its thirteen tissues.

Decay data

A dose coefficient rests on decay data: each nuclide’s half-life, the daughters it decays to and the radiations it emits per decay, the energies and yields of its alpha particles, beta spectra, gamma and X-rays, conversion and Auger electrons. Each system has its own, and the ICRP’s coefficients are calculated with them: Publication 38 (1983) in the ICRP 60 system, Publication 107 (2008) in the ICRP 103 system. The Decay data setting, and the same choice on the Batch and Radon at home tabs, puts in their place decay data made on this site from a release of ENSDF, the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File of the National Nuclear Data Center (the release the Chart of Nuclides shows). The models of the body stay those of the system.

Any other release can be added. Open ENSDF… reads a release zip as NNDC publishes it (or the parts of an older one, or the ensdf.001 … ensdf.300 files out of one) from your computer, and the page makes its decay data in your browser, in some ten seconds for a whole release on a desktop computer; nothing is uploaded. The release is then kept in this browser, offered in the Decay data menus here and as a database on the Chart of Nuclides and Radionuclide Decay Chains, until you choose Forget; a release opened on those pages is offered here too, and made the first time it is chosen. The menus also list the releases of NNDC’s archive and say where to download each: NNDC’s server does not let other sites read its files. Files can be dropped on the page as well.

Publication 107 was itself made from ENSDF: its authors ran the program EDISTR04 over the decay data sets of 2004 (JAERI 1347). The decay data here are made in the same way, by the same program whether on this site or in your browser:

• From each decay data set: the gamma rays, conversion electrons, alpha groups and beta and capture branches, per decay as its normalisation record says. Where a data set gives no feeding of its levels, each level’s feeding comes from the balance of its gamma rays.
• Computed: beta spectra and mean energies from Fermi theory with screening and the finite size of the nucleus, as EDISTR04 computed them; the shares of positrons and capture from their rate functions where a branch gives only its total; conversion coefficients by shell, the evaluators’ own where they give them and otherwise the theory EDISTR04 used; X-rays and Auger electrons by following each vacancy through the atomic relaxation data of EPICS2017; spontaneous fission from the formulas and parameters of Publication 107.
• Checked: run on the decay data sets Publication 107 was made from, the same program reproduces it. Of 2676 dose coefficients (every ICRP 103 nuclide by each route, at six ages), 2582 agree within 0.1 % and 2658 within 1 % at every age.
• Names: a nuclide keeps the name its system gives it. ENSDF orders some states otherwise (its 2026 release calls the 2.36 h state of tantalum-178 the ground state, which Publication 107 calls Ta-178m), so the states of each nuclide are paired by half-life, and the Decay chain tab gives ENSDF’s name beside where it differs. ENSDF has nuclides the ICRP’s data lack; the ICRP 103 list grows by them.
• The difference it makes: with ENSDF 2026, nine in ten of the ICRP 103 coefficients stay within 5 % of those with Publication 107 at every age. The large differences are evaluations made since 2004, such as the alpha branch of Pu-232, the gamma-ray intensities of Yb-175 and Ta-177 and the capture of Lu-165 to high-lying levels. Where a data set is incomplete or contradicts itself, the page follows rules of its own (an NR that the data set’s own balance contradicts, levels fed but given no gamma ray, a mode given only as an upper limit), and says so on the Decay chain tab.
• Not followed: double beta decay, whose half-lives are of 10¹⁸ years and more; fission neutrons count only for the 28 nuclides for which Publication 107 gives neutron absorbed fractions; an isomer of less than a minute that decays by IT is part of the decay that makes it.

Progeny

A radionuclide’s dose coefficient includes the dose from its radioactive progeny formed in the body after the intake. How the progeny move is where the two systems, and this page, need most care.

In the ICRP 60 system the progeny follow what DCAL’s batch files for Publication 72 give them: the parent’s model (shared kinetics) for most chains, element-specific models for the chains of lead, radium, thorium and uranium, iodine from tellurium and noble gases (independent kinetics), as Publications 67, 69 and 71 describe. In a chain with independent kinetics the tissues that any member’s model carries it into are the chain’s, and part of each member’s activity in the rest of the body is counted in them by their share of the mass, as DCAL does it (ORNL/TM-2001/190, section 9.3.1): a tissue the parent’s model names takes its share of the member’s own rest of the body where the member’s model leaves it out; a tissue the parent’s model leaves out takes its share of the parent’s rest of the body, where the member was formed, from the first member whose model carries it there and every member after it (from those before, of their own). After an inhalation of Type S material, a member with no f₁ of its own for Type S is absorbed from the gut no more than the parent, as Publication 72’s coefficients show (DCAL itself takes the member’s own f₁). A chain ends where DCAL ends it; Publication 72 ends a few earlier, before a long-lived member (U-239 and U-240 before plutonium, Th-226 before Pb-210), so that its doses to the liver, bone and gonads for those are lower than this page’s and DCAL’s, its effective doses up to 4 % lower.

In the ICRP 103 system Publication 158 (section 2.5) gives the general rules: in the respiratory tract every member keeps the parent’s absorption parameters, but noble gases escape at 100 d⁻¹; progeny formed in the alimentary tract are absorbed with their own reference f_A (after an inhalation of particles, times the parent’s f_r; after a gas or vapour, their own f_A alone, as the ICRP’s coefficients for ruthenium tetroxide have it); isotopes of the parent’s element share its model. How a progeny of another element moves once it is formed in the body is set by the parent element’s section of the OIR series (Publications 134, 137, 141 and 151, “Treatment of radioactive progeny”), the same for every chain that element heads, and this page carries those sections’ models:

• chains of lead, bismuth and polonium (Publication 137 section 9.2.3.3): lead and bismuth with red marrow, spleen, skin, testes and ovaries added to their models, polonium entering blood at Plasma 2, and models of their own for thallium, gold and mercury;
• chains of radium, thorium and uranium (sections 13.2.3.3, 14.2.3.3 and 15.3.3): the lead-chain models with trabecular and cortical marrow; radium, thorium, uranium, actinium and neptunium with added spleen, skin, marrow and gonads; protactinium with thorium’s model; francium and astatine decay where they are formed;
• the other actinides (Publication 141 section 18.2.10): each element’s model with skin and spleen added, plutonium without its fast blood compartment;
• caesium, barium, the lanthanides, tellurium, antimony, iodine, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, iridium, iron, cobalt, zinc, calcium and sulphur: their sections’ models, among them those for scandium, manganese, gallium, rubidium, rhodium, osmium, platinum and rhenium as progeny, and the model of ^137mBa formed from ¹³⁷Cs (with Publication 158 para 450 for children);
• nickel, selenium and silver (Publication 151 sections 15, 20 and 25): cobalt formed from nickel; arsenic, bromine and krypton from selenium; rhodium, palladium, cadmium and indium from silver, with the adult characteristic models of Publication 151 at every age (which reproduces the annex of Publication 158), extended by the parent’s tissues as its Annex B describes;
• the elements of Part 3 (Publication 151, the section of each): magnesium, silicon, chlorine, potassium, titanium, chromium, manganese, gallium, germanium, arsenic, bromine, rubidium, rhodium, palladium, cadmium, indium, tin, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, astatine and francium as parents, each progeny with its own model and the tissues and rates the section adds; argon formed from chlorine leaves tissue with a half-time of 15 minutes. Polonium formed from astatine enters blood at Plasma 1, not at Plasma 2 as in lead chains: the Part 3 draft’s ²¹⁰At coefficients need it (with Plasma 2 they come out 7–12 % lower).

A progeny formed in a compartment that its model also has (the same tissue, of the same name) is in that compartment, but the unspecific soft-tissue pools (ST0–ST2) of another element’s model are not its own, except in radium chains and those that share their models: there thorium and radium formed in the pools of a progeny’s model take their own pools of the same name, though not in those of the chain’s parent (the ICRP’s coefficients for ²²⁷Ra, ²²⁸Ra, ²³¹Pa and ²²⁸Ac follow the one, those for ²²⁹Th and ²³²Th the other), and thorium formed in radium’s bone volume, exchangeable or not, returns to blood at the bone turnover rate. Formed anywhere else it moves to its own blood at the rate the section gives: 1000 d⁻¹ from blood, a rate of its own model from soft tissue, the bone turnover rate from bone volume. Noble gases formed in the body follow the OIR series’ generic model: to blood at 100 d⁻¹ from bone surface, 1.5 or 0.36 d⁻¹ from bone volume, with a half-time of 30, 20 or 15 minutes from soft tissue (radon, xenon, krypton), exhaled at 1000 d⁻¹. Activity secreted into the alimentary tract is reabsorbed with the element’s highest reference f_A, for polonium 0.1, the value the ICRP’s own calculations used. Where a section changes a model by shares of its flows (the spleen’s share of the soft tissue, say), the same shares are applied to the children’s models.

A progeny that its parent’s section does not name (yttrium from zirconium, say) falls back to simpler rules: in a compartment its model also has, it is there; formed in bone volume it leaves at the parent’s rates; elsewhere it returns to its blood at the rate of its own model’s intermediate soft tissue.

When progeny of other elements emit a tenth or more of a chain’s energy, the Coefficients tab says so: those results rest on these rules, and can differ from the ICRP’s by more than its rounding (see below).

How the calculation is done

Each intake becomes one system of linear differential equations: the activity of every chain member in every compartment, with transfer rates interpolated linearly in age between the reference ages (the rates change as the child grows), and decay feeding each member’s progeny. The equivalent dose to each target region is the activity in each source region times its dose per transformation (SEE in the ICRP 60 system, S in the ICRP 103 system), integrated over the commitment period; the dose per transformation also changes with age. In the ICRP 60 system it goes from one phantom to the next by the weights DCAL gives the older phantom, read off DCAL’s own dose rates: t^{0.3 + 0.7 (1 − t)10} in the first year (t in years), x^{0.5 + 0.5 (1 − x)5} between 1 and 5 years (x the fraction of the interval) and the age itself from 5 years on; in a chain with independent kinetics the shares of a member’s activity in the rest of the body that count in other tissues change linearly in age, as DCAL has them, so that the dose there is a product of the two. In the ICRP 103 system it follows a monotone cubic spline (PCHIP) through the six reference ages, with a weighted interpolation in the first year that follows the growth curves of Publication 89. Between two reference ages it is therefore one polynomial in the weights for every source and target, and the integrator carries, for each group of compartments that share a source region, the integral of their activity weighted by each of its basis functions (four for the cubic, in Bernstein form, and for the products; two for the others): the doses to all targets follow from these exactly, at the end of each stretch. The integrator is a variable-order backward differentiation method (NDF) with the exact sparse Jacobian, restarted wherever a rate table has a corner; it crosses the commitment period in one to two thousand steps however stiff the system (rates from 10⁻⁵ to 4·10⁴ d⁻¹) and however long the chain (a few hundred compartments for the actinide series). Specific absorbed fractions are interpolated in energy as each publication says (linearly for the ICRP 60 photon SAFs, as DCAL; PCHIP for the ICRP 103 SAFs), beta particles enter through their spectra.

The integrals keep the system small: for ²²⁶Ra by ingestion, 1,782 equations with 5,622 coefficients. The ages at intake are separate integrations and run in parallel, each in a worker of its own, as many at a time as the device has cores to spare; so do the inhalations behind radon at home. Before a run, the foot of the settings sums up the model Calculate will solve — the nuclides the cut-off keeps, the compartments, transfers and equations, and the number of integrations — and the Model and Decay chain tabs show it. Results stay on their tabs when a setting is changed, marked as not of the current settings until Calculate runs again.

The Model tab draws each systemic model of the ICRP 103 system as the ICRP’s figure of it stands (Publication 158 and the drafts of Parts 2 and 3; a progeny’s model as the figure of its own element), with the parts of the alimentary tract and anything else the figure does not show beside it and below; arrows from outside the boxes name where activity comes in. A model without a figure of its own takes the figure of a model with nearly the same compartments, where its arrows cross no more boxes than in a layout made for it; any other, among them those of the ICRP 60 system, is laid out as the ICRP’s figures are — the blood down the middle, soft tissue at the top, bone on the left, the liver and the gut on the right — or, where the tissues empty into the excreta rather than back into the blood, with the blood on the left, the tissues beside it and the bladder and the gut on the right; boxes that may stand on either side stand where the arrows cross the fewest other boxes. The arrows go round the boxes, as the figures draw them.

After a calculation the Model tab can show where the activity is and where the dose comes from. Under Show, Activity in the body fills each box of the drawing, as a bucket, to its share of the chosen member’s activity in the whole body at a time after intake, and Effective dose to its share of the committed effective dose received up to that time, or of its rate then, from the activity in the box: the member’s, or the whole chain’s. The time is one of the calculation’s output times, ten to a decade from about a minute and a half after intake, for one of its ages at intake; Run through moves it to the last. Each compartment’s dose is its own, not a share of its source region’s: with a time series the integrator keeps the integrals of every compartment apart (otherwise those of a member in a source region together), which takes a tenth to a quarter longer. The drawing has one box for each part of the gut’s contents and for the bladder’s, whichever copy of the alimentary tract the activity is in; with the whole chain, a nuclide counts in the box of the same name, or, where it was formed in a compartment of another member’s model, in that compartment’s box. What the drawing has no box for — the respiratory tract, the mouth and the oesophagus, and the compartments a progeny is given where it is formed in a part of another member’s model that its own model lacks — is listed under the slider with its share.

Checking it

Batch calculations

The Batch tab calculates many coefficients at once, for one system and one route: the radionuclides typed or pasted into its field (names such as Cs-137 or cs137, separated by commas, spaces or lines; an element’s symbol stands for all its nuclides in the system), or chosen from the list that Choose from the list opens — the system’s radionuclides to the left, narrowed by a search, an element, a half-life range, a decay mode and whether the route has forms for them, and the chosen ones to the right, moved with the buttons (the selected ones, or all that are shown), by double-clicking or with Enter. Each is calculated in all its chemical and physical forms for the route or in its default one, for inhalation at each aerosol size ticked (a gas or vapour has no aerosol size and is calculated once), at each age at intake ticked, with the tab’s own decay chain cut-off (ICRP 103 system) and tolerance. By the route External each is calculated instead in each geometry ticked, at each age (the adult only in the ICRP 60 system), all its ages in one request of a few milliseconds; its table holds dose rates per Bq m⁻³, or per Bq m⁻² on the ground as its Per column says, and if chosen FGR 12’s H_E and every quantity with the progeny in equilibrium. The count above the button says how many calculations that is. They run in the page’s workers, as many at a time as the device has cores to spare, after any single calculation started meanwhile; the bar shows how far the batch has come and about how long is left, and Stop ends it, keeping what is done. A calculation that fails is noted in its row and the batch goes on.

Under the bar is what the table shows, which calculates nothing again when changed: the committed effective dose, and if chosen the committed equivalent doses of the tissues weighted in it, of the remainder’s tissues and of the others, in the ICRP 103 system for each sex as well; a row for each radionuclide, form and aerosol size with the ages as columns, or a row for each age as well; and the digits. Save as CSV and Save as Excel write the whole table, six significant figures in CSV and the full values in Excel, the workbook with a second sheet of the settings.

Risk coefficients

The Risk tab recalculates the ICRP’s detriment-adjusted nominal risk coefficients from the inputs its recommendations give, tissue by tissue, beside the values it printed:

• ICRP 103 system (Publication 103 Table 1 and Annex A): for each tissue the nominal risk R, lifetime cases per 10 000 persons per Sv, is adjusted for lethality k and for the quality of life of those who survive, R (k + q (1 − k)) with q = q_min + (1 − q_min) k, and weighted by the relative cancer-free life lost l. Summed, this gives 5.7 × 10⁻² Sv⁻¹ for the whole population and 4.2 × 10⁻² Sv⁻¹ for adults; Table 1 lists the heritable part before the life-lost weighting (para A 164).
• ICRP 60 system (Publication 60 Table 3 and Annex B): for each organ the probability of fatal cancer F, with non-fatal cancers weighted by their lethality, F (2 − k), times the relative length of life lost l / l̄, plus severe hereditary effects: 7.3 × 10⁻² Sv⁻¹ for the whole population and 5.6 × 10⁻² Sv⁻¹ for workers, the basis of its tissue weighting factors.

The nominal risks themselves come from risk models fitted to the atomic bomb survivors and carried to other populations with life tables and age weights that the publications do not give, so the calculation starts from them; the tab shows for each tissue where its value comes from (the mix of excess relative and excess absolute risk models, or another study) and the tissue weighting factor its relative detriment led to.

Once a dose coefficient is calculated, the tab also gives its nominal detriment per becquerel (for external exposure, per second per unit concentration), two ways: the committed effective dose times the total coefficient (5.7 × 10⁻² Sv⁻¹, or 7.3 in the ICRP 60 system), and tissue by tissue, each tissue’s detriment per sievert times its committed equivalent dose. They agree when the dose is spread through the body and part when it gathers in a few tissues (iodine in the thyroid gives about half), because the weighting factors are rounded and grouped detriments. Both are nominal values for protection purposes: the coefficients are averages over the sexes and the ages at exposure, and the ICRP does not recommend them, or effective dose, for the risk of an individual (Publication 103 paras 155–161, A 164).

Radon and thoron at home

For radon (²²²Rn) and thoron (²²⁰Rn) indoors the ICRP gives doses per exposure, not per becquerel taken in: most of the dose comes from the short-lived progeny the air carries, as tiny unattached clusters or attached to the aerosol, and is reckoned from their potential alpha energy concentration times the time spent in it (mJ h m⁻³; 1 WLM = 3.54 mJ h m⁻³), or from the gas concentration through the equilibrium factor F. The Radon at home tab calculates them as Publication 158 does (Section 32, Annex C), with the method of Publication 137 (Annex A):

• each progeny nuclide (²¹⁸Po, ²¹⁴Pb, ²¹⁴Bi; ²¹²Pb, ²¹²Bi) in each mode of the home aerosol — unattached, nucleation and accumulation — is an inhalation calculated by this page’s engine, with the regional deposition of Table C.1, the absorption of Table 32.1 and the element’s systemic model;
• per mode they are combined per unit potential alpha energy with the progeny’s activity ratios and the breathing rate at home of each age (Table 32.3), and the modes weighted by the unattached fraction f_p and the nucleation share f_pn (Table 32.2), which you can change;
• the gas itself adds its own dose per exposure, from the radon model (Annex C para C 18).

Against Publication 158 the radon progeny agree within 1 % at every age (Table 32.7), the gas within 3 % (Table C.7) and each nuclide and mode within the rounding of Table C.8. Thoron progeny come out 2–5 % higher than Table 32.8: Table C.1 gives the deposition of the 200 nm accumulation mode for radon progeny’s spread (σ_g 2.0), not for thoron progeny’s narrower one (1.8). The tab also shows the coefficients the ICRP recommends for every age, 3 mSv per mJ h m⁻³ for radon and 1 for thoron (paras 532–537), and an annual dose for a concentration and the hours spent at home.

External exposure

The route External gives dose rate coefficients for a person outside the activity: in a cloud of contaminated air, in contaminated water, standing on contaminated ground or over contaminated soil. Nothing is taken into the body. The coefficient is the equivalent dose rate to each tissue, and the effective dose rate, per unit concentration around the body: Sv s⁻¹ per Bq m⁻³ of air, water or soil, or per Bq m⁻² of ground (per hour or per year if chosen), as the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Federal Guidance Reports give them: Report 15 (2019, revised in July 2025) in the ICRP 103 system, Report 12 (1993) in the ICRP 60 system. The page does not copy the reports’ table of each nuclide. It adds up each nuclide’s radiations with the reports’ own doses per photon and per electron of a single energy, as the reports do, so that every radionuclide of the decay data is covered (838 of Publication 38, 1252 of Publication 107, more with ENSDF), noble gases and nuclides of seconds among them:

• Photons: the reports’ monoenergetic coefficients. FGR 15 gives 29 tissues of the stylised phantoms of Han et al. at six ages (newborn, 1, 5, 10 and 15 years, and the reference adult, which takes the adult phantom for the male and the 15-year-old’s for the female) at 13 energies from 10 keV to 5 MeV; FGR 12 gives 25 organs of the Cristy–Eckerman adult hermaphrodite at 12 energies. Each photon line of 10 keV or more counts at its yield, the coefficient interpolated in the logarithms of energy and dose rate by a monotone cubic (PCHIP; the cubic of the last interval above 5 MeV), FGR 15’s zeros taken as 10⁻¹⁰⁰ as its authors took them.
• Bremsstrahlung: beta particles slowing down in the medium (soil for the ground) give off photons whose spectrum the reports’ Appendix C builds from the scaled spectra of Seltzer and Berger (its eq. C-2), here interpolated by PCHIP in k/T and in ln T; their dose follows from the same monoenergetic coefficients. It is all a pure beta emitter gives the tissues under the skin.
• Electrons: their dose to the skin, 70 µm deep, from FGR 12’s DOSFACTER curves (its Figs. II.24–II.26, which FGR 15 uses too), over the beta spectrum, taken as a PCHIP of its tabulated values, and the conversion and Auger electrons. From the ground they are counted at 1 m and must have 0.37 MeV to get there; FGR 15 starts them at the surface, its photons 3 mm deep (0.5 g cm⁻², for the ground’s roughness). FGR 12’s ground is a smooth plane.
• Effective dose: in the ICRP 103 system, Publication 103’s tissue weighting factors on the hermaphrodite phantoms, as FGR 15 applies them (gonads the mean of testes and ovaries, prostate/uterus the mean of the two, the remainder the mean of its 13 tissues, the skin with its electrons). In the ICRP 60 system, Publication 60’s weighting factors with the remainder of Publication 72, mass-weighted with the splitting rule, without the extrathoracic airways, which FGR 12’s phantom does not have; and beside it the quantity FGR 12 tabulates, the effective dose equivalent H_E of ICRP 26 (gonads 0.25, breast 0.15, red marrow and lung 0.12, thyroid and bone surface 0.03, the five highest of the other organs 0.06 each, the skin left out). FGR 12 gives the effective dose of ICRP 60 too, for photons of single energies only (its Tables II.4–II.15): this weighting reproduces it within 0.7 % at every energy and geometry.
• Progeny: the reports’ coefficients are of the nuclide alone, and so is the page’s first column. Beside it is the nuclide with its progeny in equilibrium: each member that lives less long than the parent and is formed only from members that do, at its activity per becquerel of the parent once the chain is in equilibrium — the branching fraction in secular equilibrium, more where the parent’s half-life is not much longer (transient equilibrium, λ_i/(λ_i − λ_P) at each step: 1.15 Bq of La-140 per Bq of Ba-140). The Decay chain tab lists these activities, each member’s own coefficient and its share, and how long the chain takes to come within 1 % of equilibrium: 17 minutes for Cs-137 and Ba-137m, 1.6 million years for the whole U-238 series. A member that lives as long as its parent or longer never comes into equilibrium with it (Am-241 from Pu-241, Pb-210 from Rn-222): its dose rate depends on how long the parent has been there, and its own coefficient is the one to add.
• Not included, as in the reports: the neutrons of spontaneous fission; shielding by buildings, clothes or the ground’s unevenness; the embryo and fetus.

Checked against the reports’ own coefficients, read from local copies (none of their nuclide tables are part of the page), with the system’s own decay data:

The few beyond 2 % are low-energy beta emitters whose dose rate hangs on the ends of the data: tritium, whose 18.6 keV beta particles give bremsstrahlung above 10 keV only from the top of their spectrum (up to 3 % in e, more in single tissues on the ground), and in FGR 12 Sm-151, whose 77 keV beta particles reach the skin barely past the electron curve’s threshold of 68 keV (FGR 12 gives it a third less). ICRP 38 names the isomers of Rh-102 and Ta-180 the other way round from later data; the comparison pairs them by half-life, as the page’s names do.

Data and where they come from

What it does not do

• Intakes by the embryo and fetus, and by infants through breast milk (Publications 88 and 95).
• Wounds as such (the NCRP wound model), and occupational exposure (the OIR series for workers). Direct uptake to blood is calculated in the ICRP 103 system (route Injection).
• Radon and thoron in workplaces, mines and caves (Publication 137), and actinon (²¹⁹Rn); homes are on the Radon at home tab.
• Argon, krypton and xenon as intakes: the ICRP treats them as external exposure to the gas around the body, which the route External gives.

References